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history etiketine sahip kayıtlar gösteriliyor. Tüm kayıtları göster

15 Eylül 2012 Cumartesi

Remembering Grandpa

Front cover
One of the 2012 Caldecott Honour winners, this is a beautiful picturebook.  I've pulled it from my shelf and turned the pages many a time,, finally I'm writing about it!  I featured Lane Smith's It's a book in October 2012: he's a magical picturebook creator for this, his latest picturebook, is something quite different. It's a book about the past, about memories and a world that no longer exists and it's so different visually.  We could possibly question its suitability in an ELT classroom. I hope that my post will convince you it is worthy a place on the ELT book shelf. 
The front cover illustration shows us a child and an old man separated by an elephant cut from a bush, a feat of topiary skill. These are the elements of the story, a child, his grandfather and his grandfather's life story.  
Back cover
The back cover is a continuous hedge, Granpa can just be seen keeping it trim and his grandson boldly tugging a cart with gardening stuff ... later in the picturebook we will see this hedge from a slightly different view. 

The endpapers are a deep green, plain and solid. The title page is a closeup of the elephant bush, highlighting the name of the man this story is about "Grandpa Green".

Title page
We begin with a hedge in the shape of a baby, a twig juts out from behind, just as a baby's curl would.  This is Grandpa Green for "He was born a really long time ago, ..."
Opening 1
"... before computers or cell phones or television." So that must have been a long time ago! A green rabbit peers at us in recto, guarding the tunnel of trees, which beckons us into the rest of the book. The following spreads show and tell us about Grandpa's life:  each episode is depicted by a neatly trimmed bush.  As well as the cleverly created bushes, the young boy, who could be the grandson, collects forgotten and dropped gardening tools as he tells grandpa's story. 
There's a lovely connection between what the words are telling us and the pictures show us, with beautifully cut bushes highlighting bits of his grandpa's story. 
We are told grandpa "... grew upon a farm with pigs and corn and carrots ..." and the garden scene shows a carrot-shaped bush, being nibbled by rabbits. 
Opening 3
But there were also eggs, as we can see in opening 3, and "... he got chicken pox." Can you see the red berries on the bush? The grandson has collected a trowel, a garden glove and he has just noticed the pan and brush.   Just as all children who get sick, grandpa had to stay at home and he read stories, the illustrations show us characters from The Wizard of Oz and The little engine that could
As grandpa gets older, he discovered girls ... and grandson, just like grandpa, steals a kiss from the girl-like bush. 
Opening 5
As the boy blissfully blows on a dandelion clock, we are told grandpa wanted to study horticulture, but upon the page turn we see he went to war instead: there's a cannon-shaped bush with a fire-like branch protruding from it and a delicate cannonball hanging dead center of the recto page.  A plane and a parachutist sit beautifully clipped on the gnarled tree, and red-leaved plants re-create the splashes of bombs going off.  The grandson picks up grandpa's fallen glasses.  
Opening 6
Blissfully looking at the bush snipped into a voluptuous woman, the boy tells us that grandpa "... met his future wife in a little café."   It is the illustrations that tell us where this café was, and we can see grandpa's unfinished tea on the tree trunk table. 
Opening 7
This is one of my favourite spreads, where we are told that, "They had many happy years together and never, ever fought." The boy walks past an immaculately cut maze, with a flowering heart-shaped bush in its centre.  As adults who have lived, or not, through long partnerships, we can nod at the visual representation of the difficulties encountered in finding and keeping love.  I wonder if they travelled to the pyramids, shown there in the verso?  
They did have plenty of children, and of course "way more grandkids, and a great-grandkid, me."  This spread is a mass of boy shaped bushes all waving out at the reader. Thus we come to realize that Grandpa is in fact a great-grandpa - to have fought in the war, he must have been I suppose. 
Opening 9
"Grandpa used to remember everything." But,  "Now he's pretty old..." The delicate yet sturdy tree depicts all the seasons, or maybe the stages of man, from green buds through shoots to open leaves which slowly turn from green to brown and gradually drop from the spindly branches leaving those in recto almost leafless - the very last stage of life.  The boy watches a leaf fall as he swings on one of those branches, strong enough to hold him, just as grandpa seems, even in old age. In the background we can make out the shadow of an elephant.  Could it be the elephant we saw on the front cover? 
Indeed it is, for on the front cover, grandpa was snipping away at the bush, wearing his hat...
Opening 10
That hat, grandpa's "favourite floppy straw hat" is sitting on the elephant's head, the last of the gardening tools and objects the boy must collect and return to his grandpa. Triumphantly pulling the garden cart, full of gardening tools, the young boy finds grandpa, hatless and still trimming his garden bushes.  Grandpa may be forgetful, "but the important stuff ..." We turn the page to a double spread of deep green bush, and we can just make out "... the garden remembers for him." The green bush opens out to a quadruple spread ...
Opening 12
... and we see grandpa's life in front of us, cut into the garden, there for all the world to see and for grandpa and his family to remember. It's an absorbing collection for, even though we have skimmed through grandpa's life, we can revisit what he has done and where he has been, and smile in recollection.  Grandpa is there too, triumphant in his depiction of an active great grandson.
The last page is a quiet page, the grandson is carefully making his own way in the technique of topiary, clipping a likeness of his grandpa.  Could he be finishing the garden for a man, greatly loved, who is no longer able to, or no longer there?

Deep sigh ...  such a visually stimulating picturebook - it's been hailed as "lush and masterful" with "whimsical" illustrations.  It is all of this and more.  The words are minimal, saying just enough and the illustrations take us on our own personal journeys; our adult interpretations become parallel creations alongside those of grandpa's.  

I began my post questioning the suitability of such a picturebook in ELT: I am convinced of its appropriateness in any classroom of primary or young teenage learners. Understanding old age and recognizing the achievements of our older family members is such an important part of growing up.  Learning about other times and places, and piecing together the puzzles of our own individual heritage is as important as knowing, and being in, the here and now.  This picturebook can be used to motivate children to talk, and listen, to their own grandparents and great grandparents, to write and possibly draw their histories and share them proudly in class for all the world to see.  




21 Nisan 2012 Cumartesi

Running to freedom

Front cover
Underground by Shane W. Evans recently won The Coretta Scott King Book Award, which is given to African American authors and illustrators for outstanding inspirational and educational contributions. I'm writing about it in my blog for I find it visually fascinating, and it awoke a curiosity I could not shake.  I've already  written about a picturebook which could be read and shared with a view to talking about historical events, The Rabbits, and Underground is another  such title.  Based on the Underground Railroad,  a complex network of people, who helped slaves escape to freedom during the 1800's, it tells the story of how people got to freedom. A minimal verbal texts is accompanied by fabulous  illustrations, achieved with a mixture of collage and paintwork. Evans uses a very blue pallet, a night blue, dusky and dark yet everything is clearly visible in its blueness. This blue is  partnered with subtle uses of white, sharply cut bits of white.  Yellow appears too, moving from representing captors' windows and flaming torches to highlighting and shining upon conductors (those who helped the slaves) and the colour of day and freedom all in one.
Back cover
The picturebook: The front cover portrays fleeing slaves, dark and sinister, the whites of their eyes accentuating their look of fear.  Rays of light emanate from behind them, rays of hope possibly. The back cover is not part of a continuous picture, but instead the ending. The endpapers are plain dark blue, the colour of night and as we turn the pages we pass the title page, different only in that it is painted blue and there are a number of stars scattered across it.
The first opening also contains the copyright information and a dedication, those dark skinned faces from the front cover appear again, only just visible. We might not know what this story is about, but already we are apprehensive. 
Opening 2
Whisper this spread, "The escape.": the leading figure has his finger on his lips as the three creep away.  The whites of their eyes shining out at us, looking left, looking right, looking left.  In the background you can see the light shining from a curtainless window of the owners' house, that together with the light of the thin crescent moon casts a thin shadow across their bodies. 
And so each spread opens onto more dark, dusky blue. Shadowy figures hunched across the pages, "We are quiet."...
Opening 4
The yellow in this spread accentuates "The fear." It touches each runaway face like orange tinged caresses, but they remain hidden. Is the torch bearer friend or foe? The sheriff in the background is sending his men elsewhere.  And so, "We run. We crawl."  ...  
Opening 7
"We rest." All but daddy who keeps his eyes open, watching. 
It seems like an endless night, but it must represent many nights. The next page turn shows us one of the conductors, those in safe houses who helped the fleeing slaves. 
Opening 8
"We make new friends:" The yellow light is welcoming, the runaways are inside safe.  But their journey continues. "Others help." "Some don't make it." "We are tired." and suddenly we turn the page ...
Opening 11
The yellow light shines as the day begins, lighting a huddle of people. It took me several views to realise that it is a woman and a makeshift mid-wife, for the woman is having a baby, her belly bulging, her bent knees highlighted by the sun. Man and children look on as the wife moans. 
Opening 12
"The light." The woman blinks as the light shines upon her face.  Is it the woman or the man who declare what's immanent?  Or is it the event of birth they are referring to? In Portuguese and Spanish when a woman gives birth they refer to the giving of the light (dar a luz). It's the beginning whatever it is, the light over a new horizon. As we turn the page, the triumphant father holds his child high up and the words tell us, "The sun."
The final opening is jubilant :..
Opening 14
"Freedom. I am free. he is free: She is free. We are free."


If we close the book and linger on the back cover, we realise now who the happy family depicted there is.  The newly born baby is the center of attention, a child born in freedom. 


Evans himself admits that for most of us it is difficult to imagine what being a slave was like, being owned by someone else, someone who dictated what you did, how you did it and when you did it.  It is possibly easier to 'relate to opening the door to assist someone.'  Many risked their own lives by aiding and abetting runaway slaves. This picturebook cleverly mixes the flight of the slaves with the assistance they were given.  Its shapes and colours share an emotion that touches all of us.  Could we use this picturebook with students learning history through English?  I'd like to think so.  


On a website about to this picturebook, Shane  W. Evans writes:
In so many ways the simplicity of this book says it all. This experience for me as an author and illustrator was one of the more dynamic experiences in my career. This journey for me was truly one through the lives of a people searching for freedom in their hearts and souls. These journeys lead me "home" in so many ways back to my own community today. If we look around us we can see the spirit of what this movement represented. The idea of freedom is a powerful one that in this world has a duality; this quiet journey of "underground" reflects that in a powerful way. This book not only pays homage to the many that decided to "steal away to freedom" in the 1800's, it pays homage to those that continue the fight for freedom today.

18 Temmuz 2011 Pazartesi

Anne Sütü

Anne Sütü
Yeni doğan bebek için en ideal besin, anne sütüdür. Çocuğun anne sütü ile beslenmesinin sayısız yararları vardır. Doğumdan hemen sonra emzirmeye başlayan annenin önceleri az miktarda gelen sütü, bebeğin emme uyarısı ile kısa zamanda artacaktır. Bebeğinizi emzirirken utanmayın ve sıkılmayın. Kendinizi rahat bırakarak sadece bebeğinizle bütünleşerek emzirin. Bebeğinizin en mutlu olacağı yer anne kucağıdır. Şüphesiz, yavrusunu bağrına basıp emzirmek de anne için büyük mutluluk ve gurur verici bir olaydır.


  • Yeni doğan bebek için en ideal besin anne sütüdür.
  • Anne sütü en doğal ve en taze besindir.
  • Anne sütü her zaman temizdir ve mikropsuzdur.
  • Aıme sütü yeni doğan bebeği hastalıklara karşı korur.
  • Doğumdan sonra ilk yarım saat içinde emzirmeye başlanmalıdır.
  • Anne sütü daima hazırdır, ekonomiktir.
  • Anne sütü bebekle anne arasında özel sevgi bağı kurulmasını sağlar.
  • Doğumdan sonra ilk birkaç gün içinde gelen koyu ağız sütü bebeğe mutlaka verilmelidir.
Emzirirken Nelere Dikkat Edilmeli?
Anne emzirmeyi bilse de bazı uyarılarda bulunmak yerinde olur.

  • İlk birkaç gün anne sütü gelmiyor diye hemen mama biberonunu bebeğe vermeyiniz.
  • Bebeği her ağladıkça emziriniz.
  • Sık sık emzirme, arzuyla emzirme, meme bezlerini uyararak süt yapımını arttırır.
  • Bebek emzirirken dik tutulmalıdır. Yatar durumda emzirme, bebeğin genzine süt kaçırır ve fazla gaz yutmasına neden olur.
  • Emzirmede sadece meme başını değil, meme başı çevresindeki koyu renkli bölgeyi de çocuğun ağzına alması sağlanmalı ve çocuğun annesi memeyi alttan desteklemelidir.
  • Emzirme işleminden sonra bebeğin gazını çıkartınız.
  • ilk 6 aylık dönemde anne sütü yeterli olduğu yani bebek yeterli kilo aldığı sürece bebeğe hiçbir ek mama vermeyiniz.
Ne Sıklıkla Emzirilir?
Bebek her ağladığında emzirilmelidir. Emzirme süresi bebekten bebeğe, 4 dakika ile 30 dakika arasında değişebilir.
Bebekler genellikle memedeki sütün yarısını ilk 2 dakikada boşaltırlar. Kısa süre emip memeyi bırakan bebek zorlanmaz. Küçük bebekler emerken yorulur. Bu bebekler sık sık emzirilmelidir.

Anne Sütü Kaç Aya Kadar Verilmelidir ve Yeterliliği Nasıl Anlaşılır?
Anne sütü altıncı ayda doğum ağırlığının 2 katı olmuş bebeğe artık yetmez. Ayrıca çok uzun süre yalnız anne sütüyle beslenen bebek memeye bağlanır, kaşıkla yemek istemez, değişik besinlerin tadına ve kıvamına alışması zor olur. Anne sütü tek başına altı aydan sonra bebeğe yetmez, bebek diğer besinleri de almak istemeyince büyüme ve gelişmesi yavaşlar, hatta zamanla büyüme durur. Bebek hastalanabilir. Anne sütünün yeterliliği en kolay yoldan, bebeğin ağırlık artışı ile anlaşılır. Ayrıca, tok çocuk rahat uyur, hastalanmadıkça huzursuz değildir.
Bebeğin ağırlık artış hızı azalıyorsa, annenin sütü yetersiz demektir. Çünkü, ağırlık artışındaki değişme kısa sürede bebeğin beslenme durumunu gösterir. Bebeğin boyu beslenmesindeki kısa süreli değişikliklerden fazla etkilenmez. Ancak uzun süren yetersiz beslenme halinde boy uzaması yavaşlar.
Emzikli Anne Nelere Dikkat Etmelidir?
Her anne bebeğini emzirmek ister. Emzirmemenin, sütün az olmasının çeşitli nedenleri vardır.
Bunlar kısaca meme başı çökmesi, çatlaması, ağrılı ve şiş göğüsler gibi fiziksel engeller olabilir. Bunlar annenin süt vermesini güçleştirir.

  1. Düz ve içe çökük meme başları Doğumdan sonra meme başlarının uzayabilme yeteneği arttığından, sabırla bebeğin memeyi alması için gayret edilebilir. Bebek yalnız meme ucunu emmediği için, memenin çevresindeki koyu bölgeyi de ağzına alabilirse başarı ile emzirme devam edebilir.
  2. Uzun meme başı Yine anne ve bebeğin gayreti ile üstünden gelinebilir bir sorundur. Önemli olan bebeğin rahat şekilde meme başını yakalayıp emebilmesidir.
  3. Dolu ve tıkanmış memeler Meme, iyi boşaltılmazsa şişer, deri kızarır ve sertleşir. Bu durumda bebeği daha sık emzirerek veya elle sağarak memedeki sütü boşaltınız. Tıkanmış memeler acı verir, şişer, süt akamaz.
  4. Meme İltihabı Memeye doğru bakım yapılmazsa, mikroplar meme başından (özellikle çatlak meme başından) içeri girer ve apse yapar. Ağrılı, kızarık ve şiş meme annenin de ateşini yükseltir. Bu durumda doktora gitmekte yarar vardır.
    Bazı ilaçlar emzirmeye engel değildir. Doktor hangi ilaç alındığında emzirilmeyeceğini söyler. Apseli memeye basıldığında, iltihap gelirse emzirme durdurulmalı meme boşaltılmalı iyileşince tekrar emzirilmeye başlanmalıdır.
  5. Meme başı çatlakları Emzirmeden sonra anne sade ve temiz su ile meme başını temizlemelidir. Meme başında çatlak olmaması için her emzirmeden sonra meme başına 1-2 damla anne sütü sürün.
  6. Diğer nedenler Bazı annelerde, sütünün az olduğu korkusu vardır. Doğumdan sonraki ilk 2-3 gün annenin sütünün az gibi görülmesi normaldir. Bebek emdikçe süt daha çok gelir. Doğumdan sonra 1-2 gün süt gelmese bile mamaya geçilmemeli, bebek emzirilmelidir. Sık sık meme emzirince bebek memeye tutulunca 3-4 gün içinde süt gelecektir 
Çocuk Beslenmesi

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